Thrones and seats there are plenty of, in all shapes and sizes. The simplest kind is the square undecorated pedestal we find very often, which even when it is improved with some ornament so as on IBa 191

balustrade Series IBa Plate XXI 191 1775.JPG balustrade

or II 30 and 51

De Gandawyuha Series II Plate XV 30 3004.JPG De Gandawyuha	De Gandawyuha Series II Plate XXVI 51 3025.JPG De Gandawyuha

, is nothing more than a block of stone or wood with the figure seated on it cross-legged. It can be made more comfortable by adding a mattress and bolster as the woman in no. 51 does; the chief-person on II 89

De Gandawyuha Series II Plate XLV 89 3063.JPG De Gandawyuha

does not even require the pedestal but sits on the floorofhispavilion with just a mattress and bolster. Out-of-doors it may be necessary to give this kind of seat a small roof supported on pillars; the roof is in most cases flat but occasionally in the shape of an arched niche O 42

####No Reference found O, 42

) or finished with a three-cornered pediment O 79

Series O Plate X 79 797b.JPG

).

Both kinds of seats, pedestal- or chair-shaped, can have a back which is nearly always without arms. The construction may be quite simple, merely a cross-piece ending in a couple of knobs supported by two straight legs, more or less ornamented, and generally in the design of makara-heads at the ends. In this last style is the empty throne prepared on Ia 87

Life of Buddha Series Ia Plate XLIV 87 2599a.JPG Life of Buddha

for the Buddha, with a large bolster on it; further on, Ia 105

Life of Buddha Series Ia Plate LIII 105 2608a.JPG Life of Buddha

, he is seated on one of a plain shape with a back and a very elaborate pedestal so we see that chair-back and legs andpedestal are not always equally decoraf ed. Examples of distinctly handsome seats on a pedestal are found among others, on Ib 118 and 57

main wall Series Ib Plate LIX 118 1216b.JPG main wall	main wall Series Ib Plate XXIX 57 1186b.JPG main wall

, both in makara-design; on the first-mentioned it has become conventionalized into tendrils; the throne on legs, Ib 79

main wall Series Ib Plate XL 79 1197a.JPG main wall

, has a bold rich makara decoration, where we see behind the elephant-heads the same spiral or tendril Ornanlent familiar to us with staircase and gateway makara's. On Ib 13

main wall Series Ib Plate VII 13 1163a.JPG main wall

, seats are to be seen with a pedestal and with legs, side by side. Sometimes no pedestal at all can be seen and the back seems to rest on the ground so as Ib 79

main wall Series Ib Plate XL 79 1197a.JPG main wall

shews us. In such cases both mattress and bolster are desirable, see II 62

De Gandawyuha Series II Plate XXXI 62 3036.JPG De Gandawyuha

; there are many instances of this sort. Here are nearly always bolsters at the back, though little can be seen of the mattress or cushions; notice one special instance on III 41

Maitreya Series III Plate XXI 41 3126a.JPG Maitreya

, where a pattern of squares is discernible. In front of the pedestal there is often a cloth hanging down.

There are very few examples of arm-chairs. On IIB9 and 89

Awad-Jatakas Series IIB Plate I 9b 3535a.JPG Awad-Jatakas	Awad-Jatakas Series IIB Plate XVIII 89 3568a.JPG Awad-Jatakas

both scats are empty, placed ready with a cushion; possibly such chairs were in more general use than would appear by these two instances, and the sculptors preferred to show their figures more distinctly without arms to the chair. A cushion by itself without any chair appears on IBb 92

####No Reference found IBb, 92

, and on IV 41

Samanta Series IV Plate XXI 41 3989a.JPG Samanta

there is a cushion laid on top of a lotuscushion, therefore evidently intended for a Buddha or Bodhisattva. Sometimes on the top of the chairback there is a semicircle IV B 2

Maitreya Series IVB Plate I 2 3718b.JPG Maitreya

) or a niche (IB a 167) introduced; in one case O 27

Series O Plate IV 27 674b.JPG

) a separate decoration is seen behind the whole seat, apparently not attached to it; columns at the side and roofed over by an arch shaped like an accolade, with a kale head in the centre and makara ornament turned outwards at the side above the columns.

There are some seats of a different shape worth attention. The empty chair on IIB 27

Awad-Jatakas Series IIB Plate V 27 3542b.JPG Awad-Jatakas

shows a chairback with open work in squares on the back between two pillars; on the top of the chairback in the middle is a threecornered ornement in the shape of an antefix, while the usual ornamcnt at the ends has thec}laracterofacornerantefix.OnIa49thepedestal is not rectangular but hexagonal. No. IV 21

Samanta Series IV Plate XI 21 3978a.JPG Samanta

is a very remarkable one, where the pedestal is made like a small temple, it belongs to a Buddha and therefore is not subject to human requirements; the same with the hexagonal throne ornamented with lions, occupied by (;akyamuni on Ia 111

Life of Buddha Series Ia Plate LVI 111 2611a.JPG Life of Buddha

. T. ion-tllrones are quite common, used not exclusively by a Buddha as on IV 26

Samanta Series IV Plate XIII 26 3980b.JPG Samanta

or a Bodhisattva II 127

De Gandawyuha Series II Plate LXIV 127 3101.JPG De Gandawyuha

, III 12

Maitreya Series III Plate VI 12 3112b.JPG Maitreya

), but also by a woman II 65, 71, 79, 107

De Gandawyuha Series II Plate XXXIII 65 3039.JPG De Gandawyuha	De Gandawyuha Series II Plate XXXVI 71 3045.JPG De Gandawyuha
De Gandawyuha Series II Plate XL 79 3053.JPG De Gandawyuha	De Gandawyuha Series II Plate LIV 107 3081.JPG De Gandawyuha

, in the last it is goddess). They are always designed with lions supporting the seat or as smaller figures against the foot of the throne. There is one instance where Ib 113

main wall Series Ib Plate LVII 113 1214a.JPG main wall

) a man in royal dress is seated on an otherwise ordinary seat with legs, while a small lion appears underneatll in the centre. On II 128

De Gandawyuha Series II Plate LXIV 128 3102.JPG De Gandawyuha

, already-mentioned, there is a figure mounted on two of the four lions under Maitreya's throne; the back is ornamented at each side with the favorite design of a rampant lion on the recumbent elephant's head, while the lion supports the back of the chair with its makara ornament. Such thrones are made specially for the Buddha Ia 100, 113

Life of Buddha Series Ia Plate L 100 2605b.JPG Life of Buddha	Life of Buddha Series Ia Plate LVII 113 2612a.JPG Life of Buddha

, II 1

####No Reference found II, 1

); in one instance Cakyamuni's throne is supported by a human figure instead of the lion Ia 101

Life of Buddha Series Ia Plate LI 101 2606a.JPG Life of Buddha

) and the same variation appears in the empty chair probably intended for a Bodhisattva on IV B 61

Maitreya Series IVB Plate XIII 61 3743b.JPG Maitreya

and the throne for a human being on II 121

De Gandawyuha Series II Plate LXI 121 3095.JPG De Gandawyuha

.

Besides the large seats and thrones, there are smaller stools and footstools and benches. We have already noticed the low brahman-stools made in reality of cane; a very plain kind with only one twisted line between the top and bottom, is found on IIB 25

Awad-Jatakas Series IIB Plate V 25 3541b.JPG Awad-Jatakas

, but as a rule it is a curve between two uprights (see for inst. IIB 56, 79, 80

Awad-Jatakas Series IIB Plate XI 56 3554a.JPG Awad-Jatakas	Awad-Jatakas Series IIB Plate XV 79 3563a.JPG Awad-Jatakas
Awad-Jatakas Series IIB Plate XV 80 3563b.JPG Awad-Jatakas

, II 124

De Gandawyuha Series II Plate LXII 124 3098.JPG De Gandawyuha

, IIIB 72, 82, 84

####No Reference found IIIB, 72 Maitreya Series IIIB Plate XVII 82a & b 3375a.JPG Maitreya	Maitreya Series IIIB Plate XVIII 84 3376a.JPG Maitreya

), sometimes angles instead of curves II 39

De Gandawyuha Series II Plate XX 39 3013.JPG De Gandawyuha

). On O 156

Series O Plate XX 156 998a.JPG

a stool of this basket work is being offered as a gift; IIB 83

Awad-Jatakas Series IIB Plate XVI 83 3565a.JPG Awad-Jatakas

shews us a very fine specimen. One of the three brahmans on IIB 32

Awad-Jatakas Series IIB Plate VI 32 3544a.JPG Awad-Jatakas

is sitting on a stool like this, the other two on a bench the legs of which are twisted, and turn inwards in a point. A similar kind of bench can be seen on Ib 36

main wall Series Ib Plate XVIII 36 1174b.JPG main wall

; the three-legged footstool on IIB 21

Awad-Jatakas Series IIB Plate IV 21 3540a.JPG Awad-Jatakas

, used by a nurse with a child, is much the same. Besides these uncommon specimens there are some very ordinary ones, just a plank on legs, these can be found on Ib 35 and 38

main wall Series Ib Plate XVIII 35 1174a.JPG main wall	main wall Series Ib Plate XIX 38 1175b.JPG main wall

, but there is no reason to mention everything of the kind.

Under the thrones and couches the space is continually used for stowing away small objects. Boxes and chests, square or rectangular, sometimes open, sometimes closed with a more or less arched lid or fastened round with bands; long cylinder-shaped packages tied round with flat bands, high jars with wide bottoms, pots and martevans, j ugs with and without a spout, flat basins often piled up together, cups and goblets of earthenware with and without lids, dishes with wreaths on them, round boxes and all sorts of tilings. They are to be seen on nearly all reliefs where there is a chance to put them in and we may consider that in such details the sculptors probably depicted reality, only the place may- be due to the fact that the space under the seats was very appropriate for such paraphenalia. The contents are seldom definable, when it can be seen they hold something. The most distinct are the chests, bowls and trays holding valuables, rings and coins forinstance on O 113, 127

Series O Plate XV 113 898a.JPG	Series O Plate XVI 127 921b.JPG

, and IBb 20

####No Reference found IBb, 20

; on the last scene they are not under the seat but being offered as a gift. On Ib 19

main wall Series Ib Plate X 19 1166a.JPG main wall

leaves are hanging out of the opened box with a lotusflower here and there among them; on O 73

Series O Plate X 73 794a.JPG

we see an open dish with a comb on it, next to this is a basin with a lid and a couple of balls; Ia 54

Life of Buddha Series Ia Plate XXVII 54 2582b.JPG Life of Buddha

has wreaths and O 30

Series O Plate IV 30 675a.JPG	Series O Plate IV 30 675a.JPG

fruit on it. For further utensils of this kind placed under the seat see O 6, 11, 18, 27, 43, 65, 70, 116, 125

####No Reference found O, 6 Series O Plate II 11 634b.JPG	Series O Plate III 18 653a.JPG
Series O Plate IV 27 674b.JPG	Series O Plate VI 43 714a.JPG
Series O Plate IX 65 774a.JPG	Series O Plate IX 70 773b.JPG
Series O Plate IX 70 775a.JPG	Series O Plate XV 116 897b.JPG
Series O Plate XV 116 899a.JPG	Series O Plate XVI 125 921a.JPG

, Ia 60

Life of Buddha Series Ia Plate XXX 60 2585b.JPG Life of Buddha

, lb 71

main wall Series Ib Plate XXXVI 71 1193b.JPG main wall	main wall Series Ib Plate XXXVI 71 1193b.JPG main wall

, but they can be found almost everywhere.