Dishes and bowls
besides those found on the ground, are seen in the hands of persons who appear in the scenes, first of all the small bowl carried by one of the attendants in the retinue of all persons of distinction, just in the same way as the sirih-utensils at a later period. This vessel is nearly always as if folded in shape, rather narrow at the bottom, and widening out at the top, in a few instances
IV 55
|
 |
Samanta |
Series IV |
Plate XXVIII 55 |
3996a.JPG Samanta |
|
|
and others) it is high and narrow. It is also to be seen in unfolded form, like a flat bowl rectangular or round. The contents is seldom to be seen, but sometimes there is something sticking out over the edge, not always the same. We see things like leaves and also loops either separate or together; in every case where the contents are visible, we see also two rather pointed hook-like pieces bent over the edge and in most instances these objects are the only ones discernible or far more distinct than the others. I give some examples: hooks
III 23 and 43
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series III |
Plate XII 23 |
3117a.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series III |
Plate XXII 43 |
3127a.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
; leaves,
Ib 76
|
 |
main wall |
Series Ib |
Plate XXXVIII 76 |
1195a.JPG main wall |
|
|
; leaves and hooks
II 23
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate XII 23 |
2997.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
; loops and hooks
IV 56
|
 |
Samanta |
Series IV |
Plate XXVIII 56 |
3996b.JPG Samanta |
|
|
loops and leaves (square ones)
IIB 54 and 55
|
 |
Awad-Jatakas |
Series IIB |
Plate XI 54 |
3553a.JPG Awad-Jatakas |
|
|
 |
Awad-Jatakas |
Series IIB |
Plate XI 55 |
3553b.JPG Awad-Jatakas |
|
|
Notice
IIIB 23
####No Reference found IIIB, 23
|
where as well as leaves and hooks, a kind of rosette with loops at the four sides appears. We might think that in spite of the variation in the contents of these vessels, they are all intended to hold the same ingredients, one or other of which happens to shew over the edge.
IIIB 44
####No Reference found IIIB, 44
|
is quite an exception, there a necklace is hanging out of the bowl.
I have just alluded to the set of such utensils; it has actually been suggested, that these folded vessels contain betel-leaves and that betel-chewing was already a custom in Java at this period. This is certainly not impossible, for already in the fourth century in Further India, pinang with chalk and betel was being used; but on the other handin the seventh century, the part of Sumatra visited by I-tsing only made use of pinang mixed with spices and sirih-chewing in Javais first reported in 1416. The exact truth therefore can not be established and the varying contents of these vessels on the reliefs, makes it advisable to leave the question undecided.
All other bowls and dishes, sillier held in the hand or placed beside or among the figures are nearly always, when the contents are discernable, filled with flowers and wreaths. Examples can be seen on
Ia 74, 78, 81, 107, 120
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate XXXVII 74 |
2592b.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate XXXIX 78 |
2594b.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate XLI 81 |
2596a.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate LIV 107 |
2609a.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate LX 120 |
2615b.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
Ib 27, 55, 85, 103, 120
|
 |
main wall |
Series Ib |
Plate XIV 27 |
1170a.JPG main wall |
|
|
 |
main wall |
Series Ib |
Plate XXVIII 55 |
1184a.JPG main wall |
|
|
 |
main wall |
Series Ib |
Plate XXVIII 55 |
1185a.JPG main wall |
|
|
 |
main wall |
Series Ib |
Plate XXVIII 55 |
1185a.JPG main wall |
|
|
 |
main wall |
Series Ib |
Plate XLIII 85 |
1200a.JPG main wall |
|
|
 |
main wall |
Series Ib |
Plate LII 103 |
1209a.JPG main wall |
|
|
 |
main wall |
Series Ib |
Plate LX 120 |
1217b.JPG main wall |
|
|
IBb 117, 127
####No Reference found IBb, 117
####No Reference found IBb, 127
|
IIB 32
|
 |
Awad-Jatakas |
Series IIB |
Plate VI 32 |
3544a.JPG Awad-Jatakas |
|
|
II 27, 37, 44, 49, 52, 57
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate XIV 27 |
3001.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate XIX 37 |
3011.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate XXII 44 |
3018.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate XXV 49 |
3023.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate XXVI 52 |
3026.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate XXIX 57 |
3031.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
III 8, 43, 68
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series III |
Plate IV 8 |
3110b.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series III |
Plate XXII 43 |
3127a.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series III |
Plate XXXIV 68 |
3139b.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
IVB 36, 65
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series IVB |
Plate VIII 35 & 36 |
3732a.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series IVB |
Plate XIV 65 |
3745b.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
These flowers and wreaths appear on every possible occasion, paying homage, receiving audience, religious ceremonies, and in Bali at the present day it can be seen how this tradition has been preserved, even to the way of piling up the wreaths into a pyramid such as those on
Ia 109
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate LV 109 |
2610a.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
Ib 39
|
 |
main wall |
Series Ib |
Plate XX 39 |
1176a.JPG main wall |
|
|
II 8
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate IV 8 |
2982.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
Jeweled ornaments, especially bracelets for the upper arm are to be seen, held ready or offered as gifts, on trays, forinst.
Ia 9, 16, 17, 26
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate V 9 |
2560a.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate VIII 16 |
2563b.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate IX 17 |
2564a.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate XIII 26 |
2568b.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
IBa 1
|
 |
balustrade |
Series IBa |
Plate I 1 |
1572.JPG balustrade |
|
|
The flat dishes being held slantwise as on
O 70
|
 |
|
Series O |
Plate IX 70 |
773b.JPG |
|
|
 |
|
Series O |
Plate IX 70 |
775a.JPG |
|
|
Ia 98
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate XLIX 98 |
2604b.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
II 73
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate XXXVII 73 |
3047.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
is probably due to the wish for letting the contents, some sort of ornamental figure with a frame round it (is it a cake?) be plainly visible. At distributions as will be seen later on, there are trays with jewels, rings, moneybags, garments and such like, prepared for distribution. Jugs with a spout are also quite common. For peculiarities that appear only once like the dish with the bowl full of something between two small objects on
O 43
|
 |
|
Series O |
Plate VI 43 |
714a.JPG |
|
|
or
Ia 9
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate V 9 |
2560a.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
see the description of the reliefs themselves. A pot or bag of peculiar shape like a paperbag is strewn on
O 54
|
 |
|
Series O |
Plate VII 54 |
735a.JPG |
|
|
and
IBa 326
|
 |
balustrade |
Series IBa |
Plate XXXVII 326a |
1917.JPG balustrade |
|
|
 |
balustrade |
Series IBa |
Plate XXXVII 326b |
1918.JPG balustrade |
|
|
b.
Vessels that appear continually either in the hands of persons or standing about lamps and incense-burners,which are not very easily distinguished from one another; the waving line seen above them may just as well be a flame as the smoke of incense. They must generally be meant for incensories, as the scenes nearly always represent daylight.When held in the land, the person very often has a little fan in the other hand to rouse tl~e flame. These objects are of all sorts; small and elegant
Ia 5, 21
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate III 5 |
2558a.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate XI 21 |
2566a.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
III 43
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series III |
Plate XXII 43 |
3127a.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
rather larger end of an elaborate model
II 4, 5, 13
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate II 4 |
2977.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate III 5 |
2978.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate VII 13 |
2987.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
III B6
####No Reference found III B, 6
|
IV 26, 36
|
 |
Samanta |
Series IV |
Plate XIII 26 |
3980b.JPG Samanta |
|
|
 |
Samanta |
Series IV |
Plate XVIII 36 |
3985b.JPG Samanta |
|
|
 |
Samanta |
Series IV |
Plate XVIII 36 |
3986b.JPG Samanta |
|
|
then very plain
Ia 100
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate L 100 |
2605b.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
with a flat top
IBa 232
|
 |
balustrade |
Series IBa |
Plate XXVI 232 |
1819.JPG balustrade |
|
|
a heavier top
Ib 83
|
 |
main wall |
Series Ib |
Plate XLII 83 |
1199a.JPG main wall |
|
|
IV 17
|
 |
Samanta |
Series IV |
Plate IX 17 |
3976a.JPG Samanta |
|
|
a short squat shape
O 81
|
 |
|
Series O |
Plate XI 81 |
815a.JPG |
|
|
IV 33
|
 |
Samanta |
Series IV |
Plate XVII 33 |
3984a.JPG Samanta |
|
|
Occasionally there is one without any stem
Ib 85
|
 |
main wall |
Series Ib |
Plate XLIII 85 |
1200a.JPG main wall |
|
|
or in contrast, a very tall thin one like a torch
Ia 59
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate XXX 59 |
2585a.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
Sometimes there is an incense-burner with a handle at the side for carrying it, as on
Ia 114
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate LVII 114 |
2612b.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
IIB 68
|
 |
Awad-Jatakas |
Series IIB |
Plate XIV 68 |
3560b.JPG Awad-Jatakas |
|
|
II 81
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate XLI 81 |
3055.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
The standing incenscburners are generally the same shape as the above-mentioned, except those with the handle (see
Ia 18, 24, 69
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate IX 18 |
2564b.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate XII 24 |
2567b.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate XXXV 69 |
2590a.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
—71, 74, 92, 106,
Ib74
|
 |
main wall |
Series Ib |
Plate XXXVII 74 |
1194a.JPG main wall |
|
|
IBa 80, 167, 235
|
 |
balustrade |
Series IBa |
Plate X 80 |
1659.JPG balustrade |
|
|
 |
balustrade |
Series IBa |
Plate X 80 |
1660.JPG balustrade |
|
|
 |
balustrade |
Series IBa |
Plate XIX 167 |
1750.JPG balustrade |
|
|
 |
balustrade |
Series IBa |
Plate XXVII 235 |
1823.JPG balustrade |
|
|
etc.
II 99
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate L 99 |
3073.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
III 14, 47
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series III |
Plate VII 14 |
3113b.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series III |
Plate XXIV 47 |
3129a.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
IVB 72, 73
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series IVB |
Plate XVI 72 |
3748a.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series IVB |
Plate XVI 73 |
3748b.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
; as flay are not intended to be carried, we find also larger
O 125
|
 |
|
Series O |
Plate XVI 125 |
921a.JPG |
|
|
IBb 33, 128
####No Reference found IBb, 33
####No Reference found IBb, 128
|
taller
II 83
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate XLII 83 |
3057.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
and thicker ones
III 21
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series III |
Plate XI 21 |
3116a.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
IVB 50
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series IVB |
Plate XI 50 |
3738b.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
IV 15
|
 |
Samanta |
Series IV |
Plate VIII 15 |
3975a.JPG Samanta |
|
|
; besides these there is now and then one, not in use and closed with a lid, as on
II 22
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate XI 22 |
2996.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
Very curious in shape is the incensory on
III 61
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series III |
Plate XXXI 61 |
3136a.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
with a wide square ornamented top on a slender stem and the one on
IVB 55
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series IVB |
Plate XII 55 |
3741a.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
with a large censer in the centre and a smaller one at each side. Large lamps with branches for several lights are found occasionally near buildings as on
O 24 and 155
|
 |
|
Series O |
Plate III 24 |
655b.JPG |
|
|
 |
|
Series O |
Plate XX 155 |
999a.JPG |
|
|
; let me here recall attention to the extraordinary temple with lamps or incense-burners on
III 25
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series III |
Plate XIII 25 |
3118a.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
which of course cannot represent any real building. Finally
IIB 20
|
 |
Awad-Jatakas |
Series IIB |
Plate IV 20 |
3539b.JPG Awad-Jatakas |
|
|
is important; it shews us a sleeping room, and on each side a hanging-lamp with its oil-vessel in a bracket, the very same as specimens that have been dug up in Java; here we have undoubtedly before us an existing example of the means of lighting. On that same relief there is a bracket hanging to the ceiling of the room containing a bowl with a scalloped edge, attached to a centre piece and strewing a point on each side that looks as if it might be a flame and the whole object a lamp, though we cannot be certain of it).
Vases are also very important utensils, used for flowers, especially for lotuses both red and blue. These are often very simple in shape, round and undecorated as on
O 78
|
 |
|
Series O |
Plate X 78 |
795a.JPG |
|
|
 |
|
Series O |
Plate X 78 |
796a.JPG |
|
|
and
Ia 91
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate XLVI 91 |
2601a.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
; in the same style as when used as roof-ornaments
II 80, 82
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate XL 80 |
3054.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate XLI 82 |
3056.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
The round-bodied shapeis also found decorated, with a band round the middle as on
IV 65
|
 |
Samanta |
Series IV |
Plate XXXIII 65 |
4001a.JPG Samanta |
|
|
moreover ornamented on the side of neck and foot as
II 30
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate XV 30 |
3004.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
A taller, more slender shape is less common, see
Ia 6, 88
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate III 6 |
2558b.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate XLIV 88 |
2599b.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
just as the very high narrow sort on
III 68
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series III |
Plate XXXIV 68 |
3139b.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
The most ordinary shape is a vase that widens~out right below the neck and then goes narrower to the foot, see
O 66
####No Reference found O, 66
|
Ia 54
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate XXVII 54 |
2582b.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
II 2
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate I 2 |
2975.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
III36
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series III |
Plate XVIII 36 |
3123b.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
IVB 44
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series IVB |
Plate X 44 |
3736a.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
IV 20
|
 |
Samanta |
Series IV |
Plate X 20 |
3977b.JPG Samanta |
|
|
; with ornamented band round the middle
II 62
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate XXXI 62 |
3036.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
These are all without spout; but cases with a spout are quite as numerous. Among them as well the shape just-mentioned is more common, wider at the top and going narrower at the bottom, such as
Ia 97,107
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate XLIX 97 |
2604a.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate LIV 107 |
2609a.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
Ib 73
|
 |
main wall |
Series Ib |
Plate XXXVII 73 |
1194b.JPG main wall |
|
|
IBa 80, 269
|
 |
balustrade |
Series IBa |
Plate X 80 |
1659.JPG balustrade |
|
|
 |
balustrade |
Series IBa |
Plate X 80 |
1660.JPG balustrade |
|
|
 |
balustrade |
Series IBa |
Plate XXX 269 |
1859.JPG balustrade |
|
|
II 25
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate XIII 25 |
2999.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
76,
III 3
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series III |
Plate II 3 |
3108a.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
IVB 24
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series IVB |
Plate VI 24 |
3728a.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
13ut there is also a slenderer kind of these, see
I13
####No Reference found I, 13
|
a 191,
II 14
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate VII 14 |
2988.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
and a fat-bodied sort,
II 78
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate XXXIX 78 |
3052.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
FIONVCrS are often placed in shells (turbinella's) fixed on a trivet as on
Ia 92, 96, 108
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate XLVI 92 |
2601b.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate XLVIII 96 |
2603b.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
 |
Life of Buddha |
Series Ia |
Plate LIV 108 |
2609b.JPG Life of Buddha |
|
|
Ib 1
|
 |
main wall |
Series Ib |
Plate I 1 |
1157a.JPG main wall |
|
|
IBa 290
|
 |
balustrade |
Series IBa |
Plate XXXIII 290 |
1880.JPG balustrade |
|
|
III 26
|
 |
Maitreya |
Series III |
Plate XIII 26 |
3118b.JPG Maitreya |
|
|
; these are also to be seen empty, f. i.
IBa 85
|
 |
balustrade |
Series IBa |
Plate X 85 |
1666.JPG balustrade |
|
|
II 39
|
 |
De Gandawyuha |
Series II |
Plate XX 39 |
3013.JPG De Gandawyuha |
|
|
or used as holywater font as seen above. Basins of a shell shape \Vit}lOUt a stand also appear, as on
O 1 50
####No Reference found O, 1
|
 |
|
Series O |
Plate VII 50 |
733a.JPG |
|
|
; trivets with an ordinary vessel,
IBa 1 1 8
|
 |
balustrade |
Series IBa |
Plate I 1 |
1572.JPG balustrade |
|
|
 |
balustrade |
Series IBa |
Plate I 1 |
1572.JPG balustrade |
|
|
 |
balustrade |
Series IBa |
Plate I 8 |
1579.JPG balustrade |
|
|