Dishes and bowls besides those found on the ground, are seen in the hands of persons who appear in the scenes, first of all the small bowl carried by one of the attendants in the retinue of all persons of distinction, just in the same way as the sirih-utensils at a later period. This vessel is nearly always as if folded in shape, rather narrow at the bottom, and widening out at the top, in a few instances IV 55
Samanta
Series IV
Plate XXVIII 55
3996a.JPG
Samanta
and others) it is high and narrow. It is also to be seen in unfolded form, like a flat bowl rectangular or round. The contents is seldom to be seen, but sometimes there is something sticking out over the edge, not always the same. We see things like leaves and also loops either separate or together; in every case where the contents are visible, we see also two rather pointed hook-like pieces bent over the edge and in most instances these objects are the only ones discernible or far more distinct than the others. I give some examples: hooks III 23 and 43
Maitreya
Series III
Plate XII 23
3117a.JPG
Maitreya
Maitreya
Series III
Plate XXII 43
3127a.JPG
Maitreya
; leaves, Ib 76
main wall
Series Ib
Plate XXXVIII 76
1195a.JPG
main wall
; leaves and hooks II 23
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate XII 23
2997.JPG
De Gandawyuha
; loops and hooks IV 56
Samanta
Series IV
Plate XXVIII 56
3996b.JPG
Samanta
, loops and leaves (square ones) IIB 54 and 55
Awad-Jatakas
Series IIB
Plate XI 54
3553a.JPG
Awad-Jatakas
Awad-Jatakas
Series IIB
Plate XI 55
3553b.JPG
Awad-Jatakas
. Notice IIIB 23

####No Reference found IIIB, 23

, where as well as leaves and hooks, a kind of rosette with loops at the four sides appears. We might think that in spite of the variation in the contents of these vessels, they are all intended to hold the same ingredients, one or other of which happens to shew over the edge. IIIB 44

####No Reference found IIIB, 44

is quite an exception, there a necklace is hanging out of the bowl.

I have just alluded to the set of such utensils; it has actually been suggested, that these folded vessels contain betel-leaves and that betel-chewing was already a custom in Java at this period. This is certainly not impossible, for already in the fourth century in Further India, pinang with chalk and betel was being used; but on the other handin the seventh century, the part of Sumatra visited by I-tsing only made use of pinang mixed with spices and sirih-chewing in Javais first reported in 1416. The exact truth therefore can not be established and the varying contents of these vessels on the reliefs, makes it advisable to leave the question undecided.

All other bowls and dishes, sillier held in the hand or placed beside or among the figures are nearly always, when the contents are discernable, filled with flowers and wreaths. Examples can be seen on Ia 74, 78, 81, 107, 120
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate XXXVII 74
2592b.JPG
Life of Buddha
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate XXXIX 78
2594b.JPG
Life of Buddha
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate XLI 81
2596a.JPG
Life of Buddha
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate LIV 107
2609a.JPG
Life of Buddha
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate LX 120
2615b.JPG
Life of Buddha
, Ib 27, 55, 85, 103, 120
main wall
Series Ib
Plate XIV 27
1170a.JPG
main wall
main wall
Series Ib
Plate XXVIII 55
1184a.JPG
main wall
main wall
Series Ib
Plate XXVIII 55
1185a.JPG
main wall
main wall
Series Ib
Plate XXVIII 55
1185a.JPG
main wall
main wall
Series Ib
Plate XLIII 85
1200a.JPG
main wall
main wall
Series Ib
Plate LII 103
1209a.JPG
main wall
main wall
Series Ib
Plate LX 120
1217b.JPG
main wall
, IBb 117, 127

####No Reference found IBb, 117

####No Reference found IBb, 127

, IIB 32
Awad-Jatakas
Series IIB
Plate VI 32
3544a.JPG
Awad-Jatakas
, II 27, 37, 44, 49, 52, 57
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate XIV 27
3001.JPG
De Gandawyuha
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate XIX 37
3011.JPG
De Gandawyuha
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate XXII 44
3018.JPG
De Gandawyuha
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate XXV 49
3023.JPG
De Gandawyuha
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate XXVI 52
3026.JPG
De Gandawyuha
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate XXIX 57
3031.JPG
De Gandawyuha
, III 8, 43, 68
Maitreya
Series III
Plate IV 8
3110b.JPG
Maitreya
Maitreya
Series III
Plate XXII 43
3127a.JPG
Maitreya
Maitreya
Series III
Plate XXXIV 68
3139b.JPG
Maitreya
, IVB 36, 65
Maitreya
Series IVB
Plate VIII 35 & 36
3732a.JPG
Maitreya
Maitreya
Series IVB
Plate XIV 65
3745b.JPG
Maitreya
. These flowers and wreaths appear on every possible occasion, paying homage, receiving audience, religious ceremonies, and in Bali at the present day it can be seen how this tradition has been preserved, even to the way of piling up the wreaths into a pyramid such as those on Ia 109
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate LV 109
2610a.JPG
Life of Buddha
, Ib 39
main wall
Series Ib
Plate XX 39
1176a.JPG
main wall
, II 8
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate IV 8
2982.JPG
De Gandawyuha
. Jeweled ornaments, especially bracelets for the upper arm are to be seen, held ready or offered as gifts, on trays, forinst. Ia 9, 16, 17, 26
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate V 9
2560a.JPG
Life of Buddha
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate VIII 16
2563b.JPG
Life of Buddha
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate IX 17
2564a.JPG
Life of Buddha
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate XIII 26
2568b.JPG
Life of Buddha
, IBa 1
balustrade
Series IBa
Plate I 1
1572.JPG
balustrade
. The flat dishes being held slantwise as on O 70
Series O
Plate IX 70
773b.JPG
Series O
Plate IX 70
775a.JPG
, Ia 98
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate XLIX 98
2604b.JPG
Life of Buddha
, II 73
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate XXXVII 73
3047.JPG
De Gandawyuha
, is probably due to the wish for letting the contents, some sort of ornamental figure with a frame round it (is it a cake?) be plainly visible. At distributions as will be seen later on, there are trays with jewels, rings, moneybags, garments and such like, prepared for distribution. Jugs with a spout are also quite common. For peculiarities that appear only once like the dish with the bowl full of something between two small objects on O 43
Series O
Plate VI 43
714a.JPG
or Ia 9
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate V 9
2560a.JPG
Life of Buddha
, see the description of the reliefs themselves. A pot or bag of peculiar shape like a paperbag is strewn on O 54
Series O
Plate VII 54
735a.JPG
and IBa 326
balustrade
Series IBa
Plate XXXVII 326a
1917.JPG
balustrade
balustrade
Series IBa
Plate XXXVII 326b
1918.JPG
balustrade
b.

Vessels that appear continually either in the hands of persons or standing about lamps and incense-burners,which are not very easily distinguished from one another; the waving line seen above them may just as well be a flame as the smoke of incense. They must generally be meant for incensories, as the scenes nearly always represent daylight.When held in the land, the person very often has a little fan in the other hand to rouse tl~e flame. These objects are of all sorts; small and elegant Ia 5, 21
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate III 5
2558a.JPG
Life of Buddha
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate XI 21
2566a.JPG
Life of Buddha
, III 43
Maitreya
Series III
Plate XXII 43
3127a.JPG
Maitreya
), rather larger end of an elaborate model II 4, 5, 13
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate II 4
2977.JPG
De Gandawyuha
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate III 5
2978.JPG
De Gandawyuha
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate VII 13
2987.JPG
De Gandawyuha
, III B6

####No Reference found III B, 6

, IV 26, 36
Samanta
Series IV
Plate XIII 26
3980b.JPG
Samanta
Samanta
Series IV
Plate XVIII 36
3985b.JPG
Samanta
Samanta
Series IV
Plate XVIII 36
3986b.JPG
Samanta
), then very plain Ia 100
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate L 100
2605b.JPG
Life of Buddha
), with a flat top IBa 232
balustrade
Series IBa
Plate XXVI 232
1819.JPG
balustrade
), a heavier top Ib 83
main wall
Series Ib
Plate XLII 83
1199a.JPG
main wall
, IV 17
Samanta
Series IV
Plate IX 17
3976a.JPG
Samanta
), a short squat shape O 81
Series O
Plate XI 81
815a.JPG
, IV 33
Samanta
Series IV
Plate XVII 33
3984a.JPG
Samanta
). Occasionally there is one without any stem Ib 85
main wall
Series Ib
Plate XLIII 85
1200a.JPG
main wall
, or in contrast, a very tall thin one like a torch Ia 59
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate XXX 59
2585a.JPG
Life of Buddha
). Sometimes there is an incense-burner with a handle at the side for carrying it, as on Ia 114
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate LVII 114
2612b.JPG
Life of Buddha
, IIB 68
Awad-Jatakas
Series IIB
Plate XIV 68
3560b.JPG
Awad-Jatakas
, II 81
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate XLI 81
3055.JPG
De Gandawyuha
. The standing incenscburners are generally the same shape as the above-mentioned, except those with the handle (see Ia 18, 24, 69
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate IX 18
2564b.JPG
Life of Buddha
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate XII 24
2567b.JPG
Life of Buddha
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate XXXV 69
2590a.JPG
Life of Buddha
—71, 74, 92, 106, Ib74
main wall
Series Ib
Plate XXXVII 74
1194a.JPG
main wall
, IBa 80, 167, 235
balustrade
Series IBa
Plate X 80
1659.JPG
balustrade
balustrade
Series IBa
Plate X 80
1660.JPG
balustrade
balustrade
Series IBa
Plate XIX 167
1750.JPG
balustrade
balustrade
Series IBa
Plate XXVII 235
1823.JPG
balustrade
etc. II 99
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate L 99
3073.JPG
De Gandawyuha
, III 14, 47
Maitreya
Series III
Plate VII 14
3113b.JPG
Maitreya
Maitreya
Series III
Plate XXIV 47
3129a.JPG
Maitreya
, IVB 72, 73
Maitreya
Series IVB
Plate XVI 72
3748a.JPG
Maitreya
Maitreya
Series IVB
Plate XVI 73
3748b.JPG
Maitreya
); as flay are not intended to be carried, we find also larger O 125
Series O
Plate XVI 125
921a.JPG
, IBb 33, 128

####No Reference found IBb, 33

####No Reference found IBb, 128

), taller II 83
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate XLII 83
3057.JPG
De Gandawyuha
) and thicker ones III 21
Maitreya
Series III
Plate XI 21
3116a.JPG
Maitreya
, IVB 50
Maitreya
Series IVB
Plate XI 50
3738b.JPG
Maitreya
, IV 15
Samanta
Series IV
Plate VIII 15
3975a.JPG
Samanta
); besides these there is now and then one, not in use and closed with a lid, as on II 22
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate XI 22
2996.JPG
De Gandawyuha
. Very curious in shape is the incensory on III 61
Maitreya
Series III
Plate XXXI 61
3136a.JPG
Maitreya
, with a wide square ornamented top on a slender stem and the one on IVB 55
Maitreya
Series IVB
Plate XII 55
3741a.JPG
Maitreya
, with a large censer in the centre and a smaller one at each side. Large lamps with branches for several lights are found occasionally near buildings as on O 24 and 155
Series O
Plate III 24
655b.JPG
Series O
Plate XX 155
999a.JPG
; let me here recall attention to the extraordinary temple with lamps or incense-burners on III 25
Maitreya
Series III
Plate XIII 25
3118a.JPG
Maitreya
, which of course cannot represent any real building. Finally IIB 20
Awad-Jatakas
Series IIB
Plate IV 20
3539b.JPG
Awad-Jatakas
is important; it shews us a sleeping room, and on each side a hanging-lamp with its oil-vessel in a bracket, the very same as specimens that have been dug up in Java; here we have undoubtedly before us an existing example of the means of lighting. On that same relief there is a bracket hanging to the ceiling of the room containing a bowl with a scalloped edge, attached to a centre piece and strewing a point on each side that looks as if it might be a flame and the whole object a lamp, though we cannot be certain of it).

Vases are also very important utensils, used for flowers, especially for lotuses both red and blue. These are often very simple in shape, round and undecorated as on O 78
Series O
Plate X 78
795a.JPG
Series O
Plate X 78
796a.JPG
and Ia 91
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate XLVI 91
2601a.JPG
Life of Buddha
; in the same style as when used as roof-ornaments II 80, 82
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate XL 80
3054.JPG
De Gandawyuha
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate XLI 82
3056.JPG
De Gandawyuha
). The round-bodied shapeis also found decorated, with a band round the middle as on IV 65
Samanta
Series IV
Plate XXXIII 65
4001a.JPG
Samanta
, moreover ornamented on the side of neck and foot as II 30
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate XV 30
3004.JPG
De Gandawyuha
. A taller, more slender shape is less common, see Ia 6, 88
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate III 6
2558b.JPG
Life of Buddha
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate XLIV 88
2599b.JPG
Life of Buddha
, just as the very high narrow sort on III 68
Maitreya
Series III
Plate XXXIV 68
3139b.JPG
Maitreya
. The most ordinary shape is a vase that widens~out right below the neck and then goes narrower to the foot, see O 66

####No Reference found O, 66

, Ia 54
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate XXVII 54
2582b.JPG
Life of Buddha
, II 2
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate I 2
2975.JPG
De Gandawyuha
, III36
Maitreya
Series III
Plate XVIII 36
3123b.JPG
Maitreya
, IVB 44
Maitreya
Series IVB
Plate X 44
3736a.JPG
Maitreya
, IV 20
Samanta
Series IV
Plate X 20
3977b.JPG
Samanta
; with ornamented band round the middle II 62
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate XXXI 62
3036.JPG
De Gandawyuha
. These are all without spout; but cases with a spout are quite as numerous. Among them as well the shape just-mentioned is more common, wider at the top and going narrower at the bottom, such as Ia 97,107
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate XLIX 97
2604a.JPG
Life of Buddha
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate LIV 107
2609a.JPG
Life of Buddha
, Ib 73
main wall
Series Ib
Plate XXXVII 73
1194b.JPG
main wall
, IBa 80, 269
balustrade
Series IBa
Plate X 80
1659.JPG
balustrade
balustrade
Series IBa
Plate X 80
1660.JPG
balustrade
balustrade
Series IBa
Plate XXX 269
1859.JPG
balustrade
, II 25
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate XIII 25
2999.JPG
De Gandawyuha
) 76, III 3
Maitreya
Series III
Plate II 3
3108a.JPG
Maitreya
, IVB 24
Maitreya
Series IVB
Plate VI 24
3728a.JPG
Maitreya
.13ut there is also a slenderer kind of these, see I13

####No Reference found I, 13

a 191, II 14
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate VII 14
2988.JPG
De Gandawyuha
, and a fat-bodied sort, II 78
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate XXXIX 78
3052.JPG
De Gandawyuha
.
FIONVCrS are often placed in shells (turbinella's) fixed on a trivet as on Ia 92, 96, 108
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate XLVI 92
2601b.JPG
Life of Buddha
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate XLVIII 96
2603b.JPG
Life of Buddha
Life of Buddha
Series Ia
Plate LIV 108
2609b.JPG
Life of Buddha
, Ib 1
main wall
Series Ib
Plate I 1
1157a.JPG
main wall
, IBa 290
balustrade
Series IBa
Plate XXXIII 290
1880.JPG
balustrade
, III 26
Maitreya
Series III
Plate XIII 26
3118b.JPG
Maitreya
; these are also to be seen empty, f. i. IBa 85
balustrade
Series IBa
Plate X 85
1666.JPG
balustrade
, II 39
De Gandawyuha
Series II
Plate XX 39
3013.JPG
De Gandawyuha
, or used as holywater font as seen above. Basins of a shell shape \Vit}lOUt a stand also appear, as on O 1 50

####No Reference found O, 1

Series O
Plate VII 50
733a.JPG

; trivets with an ordinary vessel, IBa 1 1 8
balustrade
Series IBa
Plate I 1
1572.JPG
balustrade
balustrade
Series IBa
Plate I 1
1572.JPG
balustrade
balustrade
Series IBa
Plate I 8
1579.JPG
balustrade
.