Weapons on the whole seem to have been little worn; they certainly do not belong to the ordinary kinds of dress and only v cry seldom do we see any person engaged in peaceful conversation who is armed, one instance being the chief figure on II B 80, a man who looks like a brahman, seated on a stool and wearing a short broad dagger at his side. They only seem to have weapons when occasion may require, but of coarse the soldiers, palace guards etc. are always armed. The later-Javanese custom when every man of any importance wore a kriss in his belt, seems to be quite strange to the society of Barabugur. The kriss itself, this is noticeable at once, does not appear at all.
If we begin by examining the simple folk in the series on the buried base, we find at once on O 2 a man with bow and arrow, the arrow having a triangular barbed point and feathers at the top. Then on nos. 4 and 8 there are executioners with large flat swords, the blade of which is slightly curved, becoming wider and ending in a point; further on we see on Ib 79, the royal executioner using the same kind of sword, only straighter; so it looks as if this is the proper weapon for executions. No. 10 shews an attack with a dagger and on no. 24 there is a fight going on with the same swords as well as a spear, a club and a blow-pipe, the two last, as we see on no. 91, being the usual weapons for small-game hunting. Big game, as will be described later on, was hunted with bow and arrows. The spear is very seldom seen, it is found in the hands of a hellfiend on no. 92. These are the various kinds of weapons in use among the people who appear in these scenes; I may mention that another shape of sword with a long straight blade that we see so frequently on the higher galleries, seems to be much less used by the lower classes than the flat, curved, broad shape. A warrior's dance is being performed on no. 5 by four men, three of whom hold a small round shield in the left hand and in the right a dagger, a curved sword and a spear respectively; the fourth has the same kind of sword and a large square shield,
Turning to the higher classes we find a different scene but not any other sort of weapon. Armed guards and soldiers are to be found on nearly all reliefs in the retinue of kings and persons of importance on their journeys and at the doors of the palace etc., but the weapons are always the same; straight swords, large oval shields, bow and arrows and the I flat curved swords, but the last are much less common than the straight i, shape. The back of the shield is sometimes ornamented with a circle with a square point at the four sides or perhaps only top and bottom, sometimes with nothing but a square. I give a few examples, most from the large distimct scenes on the chief wall of the first gallery, but there are many more to be found, Both kinds of sword are present, separately or together, with and without bow and arrows; the straight with the round shield is seen with a large troop of soldiers on Ib 10, together with bow and arrows la 32, lb 28, II B 16; both kinds of sword la 13, the flat swords with round shields and bow and arrows Ia 39. The four-cornered emblems on the shield are seen la 8, 25, IBa 14, the two-pointed on la 19, 22, the square, I Ba 254. The arrows are found tied in sheaves (Ia32, lb 33), or kept in a quiver (lb 37); also a closed up quiver such as we see on lb 76 may have arrows in it.
As regards the straight sword, Ia 67 shows us the sheath held loose in the hand, therefore the shape is here very distinct. Shields are found in some variety. Besides the ordinary round ones, we see on Ib 44 (in combination with a dagger, as in some very rare instances elsewhere) a large rectangular shield with slightly curved long sides; on la 9 the edge of the round shield is adorned with tassels. A smaller kind of oblong shield is to be seen on Ib 40, a rectangular one, narrower in shape and curved, on la 3l and lb 104. The same in smaller size is on lb 6 and 97, still smaller, only a hand-shield, on la 56. Of course it is not certain that there is actually anydifferenceinsize,possiblythevariation is only due to the sculptor.
The pictures of fighting are few and must be cautiously treated. Those on reliefs la 94, Ib 47, IB a 47a, we know do not take place on earth; they represent battles between celestial armies, but the same weapons are used as above-mentioned, the two kinds of sword, round and square shields, bow and arrows as well as a club and blowpipe (la 94), a battle axe and spear. The warriors in the fourthbattleII 113—wedonothnow whether they are earthly or celestial soldiers—are fighting with both kinds of sword and shield and some with daggers as well; the shields here are very small but this the sculptor must have done purposely to gain space for the combatants. The cuirass too that is being presented on lb 69 is far too small for use.